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Esther 1:12-14
New English Translation

12 But Queen Vashti refused[a] to come at the king’s bidding[b] conveyed through the eunuchs. Then the king became extremely angry, and his rage consumed[c] him.

13 The king then inquired of the wise men who were discerners of the times—for it was the royal custom to confer with all those who were proficient in laws and legalities.[d] 14 Those who were closest to him were Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan. These men were the seven officials of Persia and Media who saw the king on a regular basis[e] and had the most prominent offices[f] in the kingdom.

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Footnotes

  1. Esther 1:12 sn Refusal to obey the king was risky even for a queen in the ancient world. It is not clear why Vashti behaved so rashly and put herself in such danger. Apparently she anticipated humiliation of some kind and was unwilling to subject herself to it, in spite of the obvious dangers. There is no justification in the biblical text for an ancient Jewish targumic tradition that the king told her to appear before his guests dressed in nothing but her royal high turban, that is, essentially naked.
  2. Esther 1:12 tn Heb “at the word of the king”; NASB “at the king’s command.”
  3. Esther 1:12 tn Heb “burned in him” (so KJV).
  4. Esther 1:13 tn Heb “judgment” (so KJV); NASB, NIV “justice”; NRSV “custom.”
  5. Esther 1:14 tn Heb “seers of the face of the king”; NASB “who had access to the king’s presence.”
  6. Esther 1:14 tn Heb “were sitting first”; NAB “held first rank in the realm.”
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Nehemiah 13
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